Microplastics pose a significant threat to humans and the environment due to their small size and environmental persistence. When not filtered out during sewage-treatment, they can penetrate the human body, harm marine species, and induce ecotoxicity through polymer matrices. This can lead to malnutrition, inflammation, decreased fertility, and marine creature death. The buildup of microplastics in the human body, including road paint, tires, city dust, washing machines, and cleaning supplies, is a concern due to its complex toxicity in marine fauna. Further investigation is needed to understand the causes, distribution, and effects of microplastics in diverse ecosystems.